Handbook
Agricultural Statistics in Zimbabwe
Education Statistics in Zimbabwe
Financial statistics in Zimbabwe
Gender Statistics in Zimbabwe
Health & Vital Statistics in Zimbabwe
Industrial production Statistics
International Migration and Tourism Statistics in Zimbabwe
National Accounts Statistics in Zimbabwe
Price Statistics in Zimbabwe
Judicial and Social Welfare Statistics in Zimbabwe
International Trade Statistics in Zimbabwe
Environment Statistics in Zimbabwe
Employment statistics
Functions Of the Central Census Office (CCO)
Agricultural Statistics in Zimbabwe
Information from agriculture statistics is used for:
- Economic and social analysis of the agriculture industry
- Formulation of Government’s agricultural policy
- Making forecasts of foreign currency earnings from agricultural exports and foreign exchange requirements to meet the cost of imported inputs for agriculture
- Intake planning of crops and livestock by the marketing boards and companies
- Assessing the food security position of the country
- Assessing welfare of people actively of engaged in agriculture
- Forecasting of agricultural inputs by farmers
- Compilation of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) figures
- Provision of baseline data for research
Agricultural and Livestock Survey (ALS)
The main objective of this survey, which starts in October and ends in September of the following year, is to provide planners with data for both short and long-term strategies. Starting from the 2003/04 season the ALS was expanded to cover all the farming sectors in Zimbabwe namely A1 and A2 farms, Large-scale commercial farms, small-scale commercial farms, communal lands and the old resettlement schemes with the data disaggregated to district level.
ALS – is designed to provide statistics on:
1. Livestock
Information is collected on sizes, composition, acquisitions and disposals of herd. Livestock covered include cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, donkeys, poultry, horses and rabbits.
2. Equipment
Information is collected on:
i) number of animal drawn equipment owned e.g. ploughs, planters & cultivators
ii) number of mechanised equipment owned e.g. tractors & tractor equipment
3. Capital
Information is collected on:
i) cost of new building works & farm improvements
ii) cost of materials & labour for construction in the calendar year
4. Crops
Information is collected on:
i) areas planted, production, sales and retentions of crops, fruit & vegetables
ii) fertilizer & lime usage
5. Employment
Information is collected on:
i) the aggregate workforce split into owners and employees
ii) plot-holders and household members working on the holding/farm by sex
iii) permanent and casual workers by sex and earnings, and
6. Credit and loan facilities given to farmers.
Data is collected using modules in the form of structured questionnaires by interview method. Some of the censuses, which were carried out by the section, have now been incorporated into ALS and for the 2004/05 season the office will be producing estimates on winter crop production.
Census of Communal Lands Irrigation Schemes
Information collected is on:
- Total area of scheme, area cropped, production and sales of crops, fruit and vegetables.
- Area irrigated, manured, stumped, ploughed and lying fallow.
- Usage of fertilizer and lime
- Plot-holders and household members working on the holding/farm by sex.
- Permanent and casual employees by sex and earnings
The census is carried out annually
Census of Registered Poultry Producers
The poultry census is conducted once every quarter of the year. Any person who sells poultry products and who keeps a flock of poultry exceeding fifty birds of any one species or exceeding one hundred birds of different species is supposed to be registered and be included in the exercise. Information collected is on sizes of laying & breeding stock, sales of table birds including turkeys and ducks, table eggs and day old chicks.
Census of Butchers
Information is collected from all registered butchers and it is on numbers of cattle, sheep, goats and pigs slaughtered either on the premise or sent for slaughter to Cold Storage Company, Colcom or other public abattoirs.
The census is done quarterly.
Census of Tanneries
Information collected is on the number of livestock slaughtered and number of hides & skins sold or retained. The census is carried out on a quarterly basis.
Census of Pig Slaughtering
Information collected is on the number of pigs slaughtered from registered butchers, both public and private abattoirs. The census is carried out on a monthly basis.
Agricultural Production on ARDA Estates Census
The information collected is on livestock, crops and employment conducted on establishments operated by the Agricultural and Rural Development Authority (ARDA). It excludes statistics on Middle Sabi operating Division and Nijo Estate whose activities are included in Large Scale Commercial Farms. Method of data collection is through a postal census carried out on the 24 estates around Zimbabwe. The census is carried out annually
Annual Deciduous Fruit Tree and Vine Census
The Annual Deciduous Fruit Tree and Vine census is done annually through a postal method to registered growers. Information is collected on the number of trees/vines by age group and variety for plums, nectarines, apples, peaches, grapes, apricots and pears.
Publications
Agricultural and Livestock Survey (ALS)
Agricultural Production on Large Scale Commercial Farms
Agricultural Production on Small Scale Commercial Farms
Agricultural Production on Resettlement Areas
Agricultural Production on Communal land and Irrigation Schemes
Census of Registered Poultry Producers
Census of Deciduous Fruit Growers
Production Account of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing
Education Statistics in Zimbabwe
Sources of data:
Our main sources of education statistics are Ministry of Education, Sport and Culture; Ministry of Higher Education and Technology; Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement; Zimbabwe Schools Examination Centre; Health Professional Council; CSO surveys and censuses
Available data: Enrolments, school attendance, level of education completed, number of educational institutions, number of teachers/lecturers etc disaggregated by sex, age, region etc. Literacy is calculated by CSO.
Users: Policy makers, planners, researchers, students and individual people use education statistics.
Uses: For projecting, forecasting and targeting educational needs such as human capital development, infrastructure and personnel requirements; research purposes, including assessing the living conditions of the people
Publications: Education statistics reports are produced once in every three years. The current report was produced in 2001. Some selected education statistics are contained in the following reports:
Compendium of Statistics
Facts and Figures
Population Census
On request: For unpublished information contact CSO Head Office.
Financial statistics in Zimbabwe
1. Introduction
What is financial statistics?
Financial statistics are aggregates that measure and quantify monetary flows (i.e. income and expenditure) and stocks such as assets, liabilities, etc in the economy of a country. Monetary flows are measured over a period of time e.g. a year while stocks are given at a point in time. Financial statistics are essential for planning, monitoring, evaluation and control. The Finance Section collects, processes, analyses and disseminates data on financial statistics covering issues from various sectors of the economy namely:
- Central Government
- Local Government
- Financial Institutions
- Parastatals
- Non- Profit Making Bodies
- Quoted Companies
The data refers to the income and expenditure, source and application of funds, and other financial aggregates such as the flow of funds.
2. Data Collection
Data is obtained from:
- Surveys
- Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe(RBZ)
- Commercial Banks and other financial institutions
- Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (ZSE)
- Deeds Offices
- And the various sectors of the economy
3. Data Dissemination
Financial statistics are mainly disseminated through reports published by the CSO. However, information is also given to users on printouts.
The following are the publications produced by the section:
Finance Statistics report and other information appears on: -
- Tables in the Quarterly Digest of Statistics
- Compendium of Statistcs
- Tables in the National Accounts Report
- Tables in the Stats flash
4. Uses of finance statistics
Finance statistics provide financial aggregates for the different sectors of the economy. These aggregates are necessary for national accounting purposes.
Financial statistics can be used for:
- Formulating monetary and fiscal policies.
- Making investment decisions
- Making comparative studies by researchers, economists, demographers, etc.
- Economic analysis by international organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank, International Community and other donor agencies who may have interest in the economy of Zimbabwe.
5. Publications
Finance Statistics Report
Gender Statistics in Zimbabwe
Gender statistics is statistics disaggregated by sex.
Relevant and reliable gender statistics are required to:
- depict the socio-economic differentials of women and men. The data can be further classified by age and location, etc. Policies and programmes of intervention can thus be formulated.
- assess and measure the change in the differentials over time.
- provide information that can be used to monitor and evaluate the policies and programmes Data Collection
Data on population is obtained on a wide range of variables classified by sex, age group and geographical area/institution
Data is obtained/derived from:
- Censuses
- Surveys
- Administrative sources and various CSO sections, external publications and institutions.
Some constraints/problems experienced are:
- Some data gaps are difficult to address due to collection, definitional and measurement problems. Examples are the lack of proper definitions of time use, and the difficulty in measuring and collecting information on psychological violence.
- Data from other organizations is not classified by sex in some cases.
Publications
Women and Men in Zimbabwe
Health and Vital Statistics Section
The Health and Vital Statistics Section is seconded to the Ministry of Health and Child Welfare (MoHCW). The section is under the National Health Information and Surveillance Unit (HISU).It is mandated to collect, analyze and disseminate information on issues on morbidity and mortality. The section has a unit which is seconded to the Ministry of Home Affairs under the Registrar General’s Office whose mandate is to code vital statistics such as registered deaths.
Data Sources: The main sources of data for the Health and Vital Statistics are the public health institutions, government ministries, Health Professions Council, National Aids Council, CSO Surveys, Censuses and other Administrative data. Data is collected mainly from health institutions using the following forms:-
T5 Forms
T9 Forms
HS3/HS5
Deaths Notification Forms
The purpose of the T5 Form
The T5 Form summaries Outpatient, Mother and Child Health (MCH) and family planning data on a monthly basis.
Facilitates the calculation of disease incidences, effectives of Enhanced Programme of Immunization (EPI) activities and identification of leading causes of morbidity.
The purpose of T9 Form
The T9 Form is used to collect data on all in-patient diseases and conditions on a quarterly basis.
The purpose of the HS3/HS5 Form
HS3/HS5 forms are used to collect data on health facilities and personnel.
Industrial production Statistics
Census of Industrial Production (CIP)
Census of Industrial Production measures the performance of the industry in terms of: gross output, value added, intermediate consumption, number of employees in the formal sector & their compensation by sex, gross fixed capital formation. The census is carried out annually. Data is collected from companies in manufacturing, mining, construction, electricity and water production/distribution sectors through a postal questionnaire.
Volume of Production Index
The index is a monthly indicator that measures the performance of 11 industrial groups in the manufacturing sector. Data for the index are collected on units produced, man-hours worked, value of output/sales of own production and quantity of materials used from companies in this sector through a postal questionnaire.
Mineral Production and Mining Indices
Mineral Production statistics indicate the levels of monthly mineral production in terms of volume and value. The data on mineral production is used to calculate mineral volume and unit value indices. Data are collected from administrative records from Ministry of Mines and Mineral Development. The indices are produced monthly
Business Tendency Survey (BTS)
BTS is a profile-analysis type of survey that is compiled from data collected from persons in top management posts of companies in the manufacturing and mining sectors, who give subjective views about the business climate. Information is collected on general business climate, investment intentions, capacity utilization, stocks, prices and profit margins and constraints facing industry. The BTS report is produced every 4 months. The data is collected through a postal questionnaire.
Electrical Energy Produced and Distributed
Electrical Energy Produced and Distributed statistics show on a monthly basis the volume of electricity produced and distributed by the Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission Company. Information is also compiled on volume of electricity used by major industrial groups from the Zimbabwe Electricity Distribution Company electricity sales and purchases schedules.
Construction Bulletin
The Construction Bulletin is a quarterly publication in which statistics on building construction and civil engineering works by both private and public sectors are published. The value of work done, repairs and maintenance are the main variables in this publication. It gives information on demands on and outputs of building and civil engineering contractors. Production of bricks and cement are also published in this bulletin.
Architects Bulletin
Architects Bulletin is a quarterly publication that measures progress on architectural work. It gives information on value of architect’s building projects at different stages of work done classified by type of building, area and sector. Data used to compile this bulletin are collected through a postal questionnaire sent to registered architectural establishments on a monthly basis.
Building Plans Approved
Building Plans Approved are statistics that show, on a monthly basis, the number and value in monetary terms of building plans approved by local authorities. Information on description of building (new, additions & alterations, number of houses and flats) is collected. Data used to compile the statistics are collected through a postal questionnaire sent to local authorities.
Retail Trade Index
The Retail Trade Index measures the monthly trends of turnover of establishments engaged in the production and sale of goods and services in the economy by main town and type of outlet. Data for compiling this index are collected in the form of administrative records from the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA).
Publications
Census of Industrial Production Report
Business Tendency Survey
Architects Bulletin
Construction Bulletin [2002]
International Migration and Tourism Statistics in Zimbabwe
- Gives the overall significance of tourism in the economy and social life of Zimbabwe, which is vital if the industry is to be granted its rightful place among economic and social priorities. (Income from tourism and expenditure on tourism)
- Quantify and qualify tourism traffic for planning, monitoring, evaluation, research and marketing purposes.
- Provide levels of international migration needed in the estimation of population growth, policy formulation and monitoring.
Sources of Data
There are three main sources of data:
(i) Department of Immigration and Control
This department, through the data collection instruments (exit cards, Immigration Declaration Forms, Port Returns and Immigration Statistical cards) provides the section with the information on the attached leaflet.
(ii) Zimbabwe Tourism Authority
Provides Hotel Occupancy Statistics (beds sold and beds available)
(iii) Reserve Bank
Provides Tourism Receipts and Expenditure Statistics. Receipts means money spent by tourists in Zimbabwe and Expenditure means money spend outside by Zimbabweans.
Publications
The International Migration and Tourism Statistics are published:
- Monthly
- Quarterly
- Annually and
Also in the core publications such as CSO Quarterly Digest of Statistics.
On Request: For unpublished information please contact the CSO Head Office.
The following tables are available on request
Immigrants by country of last permanent residence.
Immigrants by country of citizenship.
Immigrants by age group and sex.
Immigrants by industry and sex.
Economically active immigrants by occupation and sex.
Economically active immigrants by occupation, age group and sex.
Immigrants by mode of travel and port of entry.
Immigrants by town of initial destination.
Emigrants by town of last permanent residence.
Emigrants by town of initial destination.
Economically active emigrants by occupation and sex.
Economically active emigrants by occupation, age group and sex.
Emigrants by mode of travel and port of entry.
Emigrants by country of destination.
Visitors staying for less than on night by country of last
permanent residence.
Departing visitors by country of last permanent
residence and average nights spent.
In transit visitors by of destination.
In transit visitors by country of last permanent
Departing visitors by mode of travel and port of exit
Residents departing for less than twelve months by
mode of travel and port of exit.
Residents departing for less than twelve months by
country of destination.
Arriving residents by mode of travel and port of entry
National Accounts Statistics in Zimbabwe
A. Sources and methods
1. Production Account at Current Prices.
The production account is compiled for fourteen industries according to the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC Revision 2) adapted to the Zimbabwean economy. The statistical unit is the establishment, which is classified according to its main product. This allows for the inclusion of non-characteristic products in each industry, and also in cases where the production of the establishment corresponds to two or more activities belonging to different categories at the first level of the ISIC.
The main sources of data are economic censuses carried out yearly for agriculture, manufacturing, mining and quarrying, construction, and, water and electricity; annual surveys for services industries (used to determine cost structures); central and local government accounts; sales taxes; and employment statistics on numbers of employees and earnings as well as annual reports of public enterprises.
2. Production Account at Constant Prices.
As stated earlier, the revised series at constant prices have been rebased from 1980 to 1990 using various price and volume indicators. At constant prices, only value added is calculated. The general method applied, in the absence of appropriate price deflators, is to assume the input-output ratio of the base year fixed at constant prices, using the volume indicator of output as the single indicator to extrapolate value added of the base year. The estimates are disaggregated at different levels depending on the industry and for cases like agriculture, also at the level of products
Let us define:
S o: value of the stocks at the opening date of the period
S f: value of the stocks at the closing date of the period
P o: price of the stocks at the opening date of the period
P f: price of the stocks at the closing date of the period
P avg: average price of the stocks during the period
Q o: quantity held in stocks at the opening date
Q f: quantity held in stocks at the closing date
Then, the values of the stocks can be expressed as the product of the quantities by prices:
Now, if the values of the stocks were multiplied by the ratio between the average price of the stocks during the period to the price of the stocks at the date to which they refer, we would have:
S o, adj, and S f, adj, are the adjusted (revalued) values of the stocks at average prices of the period for the opening and closing stocks, respectively. The ratios  and  are the adjustment factors for the opening and closing stocks, respectively.
The difference between the adjusted value is the value of the physical change in inventories:
or
Expression (a) is used for revaluing quantifiable stocks such as crops and livestock while expression (b) is used where stocks are given in value terms.
Price Statistics in Zimbabwe
What the Consumer Price Index measures.
It measures the pure price change in a fixed market basket of goods and services of constant quantity and quality.
The CPI shows how much the cost of living has risen or fallen owing to price changes, irrespective of changes in consumer behavior or in the quality of goods.
Main Uses of the CPI
The CPI is used as:
A measure of inflation as it affects households
An adjustment factor for indexation of prices, wages and other payments
Deflation of series in nominal terms to derive values in real terms
A means of estimating the cost of living
Other price indices
Building materials price index
Civil engineering materials price index
Producer price index
Poverty datum lines
Publications
Consumer Price Index
Poverty Lines Report
Judicial and Social Welfare Statistics in Zimbabwe
These comprise :
Crime Statistics
Occupational Injuries
Prison Statistics and
Social Welfare Statistics
Sources of Data
Crime Statistics: Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) General Headquarters
Prison Statistics: Zimbabwe Prison Service (ZPS) Headquarters
Occupational Injuries: National Social Security Authority (NSSA)
Social Welfare Statistics: From Ministry of Public Service, Labour and Social Welfare; Ministry of Health and Child Welfare; Ministry of Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement, and CSO surveys and censuses.
Publications:
Crime Statistics and Occupational Injuries appear in the Quarterly Digest of Statistics.
Zimbabwe Prison Census Quarterly Reports
External Trade Statistics in Zimbabwe
External trade statistics provide a basis for:
- Analysing composition and direction of international trade
- Formulating government’s trade policy
- Assessing foreign markets and sources of supply
- Providing information for international comparisons, research purposes, trade negotiations e.t.c.
- Providing information for use in the calculation of balance of payments and terms of trade
External Trade Statistics provides information on levels and changes in:
- Imports and Exports by period
- Imports and Exports by commodity
- Imports and Exports by country or regional groupings
- Imports and Exports by direction of flow
Publications/Tables produced on External Trade Statistics are:
- Summary of external trade (monthly)
- Domestic Exports classified by Principal countries (monthly)
- Imports classified by Principal countries (monthly)
- Domestic Exports classified by Standard International Trade Classification (SITC) divisions within sections (monthly)
- Imports classified by SITC divisions within sections (monthly)
- Statement of External Trade (annually)
Sources of Data
The main source of external trade statistics is the bill of entry of the Customs Department of the Zimbabwe Revenue Authority (ZIMRA). Whenever a good is imported/exported a customs bill of entry is completed pertaining to the nature of the good and the importation/exportation details involved. This is done for customs purposes. These bills of entry are checked, processed and used to compile trade statistics. When the bills of entry are not used, then special returns are obtained and used. If a certain firm/company is the main importer/exporter of a certain significant product, its bills of entry are ignored by the Central Statistical Office and special returns which they submit every month are coded. Examples of such companies are Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission Company for electricity imports and/or exports, National Oil Company of Zimbabwe (NOCZIM) for fuel imports, Minerals Marketing Corporation Of Zimbabwe (MMCZ) for mineral exports, Bindura Nickel Corporation for nickel and cobalt concentrates exports, Sugar Sales for sugar exports, Zimalloys & Zimasco for ferroalloys exports, Wankie Colliery for coal and coke exports, Cottco for cotton lint exports, Tobacco Industry and Marketing Board (TIMB) for tobacco exports, Grain Marketing Board (GMB) for grain imports and/or exports and Wattle Company for wattle extracts imports.
Domestic exports and re-exports are valued free on rail (F.O.R.). at point of dispatch. Imports including returned exports are valued at cost insurance freight (C.I.F.) beginning with 1990 whereas they were valued free on board (F.O.B.). previously.
Environment Statistics in Zimbabwe
Sources of Data
The main sources are: Ministry of Environment and Tourism, Department of National Parks, Zimbabwe National Water Authority, Meteorological Department, Forestry Commission and sections within CSO.
Available Data
Climate
Zimbabwe national rainfall means (mm)
Catchment mean rainfall (mm),
Catchment total rainfall (mm),
Normal rainfall long term mean (mm),
Zimbabwe meteorological service climate stations
Zimbabwe climate data.
Population
Population Density by Province, Zimbabwe
Percentage Distribution of Population by Province, Zimbabwe
Major refugee-settlement areas
Environmental diseases
Households access to selected household facilities
National rural water supply and sanitation, annual outputs
Agriculture
Land classification by natural region (ha),
Number of irrigation schemes and area under irrigation by season and province,
Number of farms and quantity of fertiliser and lime used,
Number of dip tanks and quarantine orders issued by province,
Number of vaccinations by disease and province,
Water Resources
Number of water permits
Provincial number of dams by water use
Map of country catchment council boundaries
Mining employees in thousands
Gold permits by province and river,
Number of rivers with gold panning by province,
Forestry
Land/vegetation cover area estimates district (in ha.)
Distribution of commercial plantations (ha) by species
Roundwood utilisation in m³,
Workers employed in timber production,
List of gazetted forest areas in Zimbabwe,
List of protected areas in Zimbabwe by district
Wildlife
Population status of some common mammals, Mammals in Hwange, Matetsi, Forests and Communal lands,
Number of Some Species of Birds in the Southern Africa and Zimbabwe
Approximate Number of Elephants in Zimbabwe,
Apparent growth of the Matabeleland elephant population.
Specially protected mammal species in Zimbabwe
Specially protected birds in Zimbabwe
Threatened animal species in Zimbabwe
World threatened species
Illegal hunting of black rhino
Ozone
ODS applications
Developing countries ODS phase out schedule.
Data on controlled substance (in metric tonnes) for the period
Data on controlled substance (in metric tones)
Publications
Environment Statistics Report
Employment Statistics
Sources of data: The main sources of employment data are surveys/ censuses and the quarterly formal establishment survey.
- Available data:
- 1. 1. Household surveys/population censuses: Population Census, Inter-censal Demographic survey, Demographic Health Surveys, Labour Force Surveys, Income and Expenditure surveys, Agriculture and Livestock Surveys
- 2. 2. Quarterly Formal Establishment Survey covers registered establishments throughout the country to collect information on number of employed persons by their earnings. The information is analysed by sex, employment status (part time, full time, casual), area/region, industrial sector, income group, etc.
- Users: Policy makers, planners, researchers, students and individuals.
- Uses: For formulating policies on employment, human resources development strategies, macro-economic monitoring, incomes support and social programmes. Research purposes are also some of the uses of employment data.
- Data Dissemination
- Publications: Quarterly Digest of Statistics, Labour Force Survey (LFS) reports and other CSO household surveys/ population census reports. The current Labour Force Survey report is for 2004 and two workshops were conducted in Harare and Bulawayo to disseminate the results.
- 2004 LFS disseminated in 2006
- 2004 Child Labour disseminated in 2006
- On request: For unpublished data on employment contact CSO Head Office.
Unemployment
Unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed persons in the economically active population. Unemployment can be measured on the basis of broad or strict definition. Unemployed persons (strict definition) are persons age 15 years and above, who during the reference period, were without work, currently available for work and actively seeking employment according (ILO, 1990). The broad definition is similar to the ‘strict’ definition without taking into consideration the criteria of actively looking for work. Two types of reference period can also be used for measuring unemployed i.e. unemployment in the last 7 days and unemployment in the last 12 months.
Functions Of the Central Census Office (CCO)
The CCO is responsible for undertaking the decennial population census and for continuously updating and disseminating information of fertility, mortality and internal migration. The updating is done through conducting periodic inter-censal demographic surveys.
The office is also responsible for designing sample surveys as well as maintaining and updating the sampling frame and map library .The map library is derived from the mapping exercise conducted as part of preparations for the decennial census. Maps are stored in both hard copy and electronically
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